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How to calculate indoor lighting design and illuminance

How can we calculate the illuminance if we want to do a good lighting design?
Usually, we can roughly divide illuminance calculation into two types: rough calculation and precise calculation, strictly speaking, the latter is only relatively accurate.
For example, for the residential space, the owner requires an overall illumination of 100lx (Lux, the unit of illumination), but after the lighting design scheme is launched, it is found that only 90lx, which will not have much impact on life and learning. But if we take road lighting as an example in the same situation, it will not work, and it is likely to increase the probability of car accidents.
For example, the overall optimal lighting level for a store is 500lx, but when you use 600lx lighting level, it not only fails to better showcase the product's effect, but also causes waste of electricity to a certain extent. Therefore, we usually do not recommend owners or even soft decoration companies to "DIY" lighting design this matter.
Another situation is that sometimes the space we need to design is not suitable for calculation using software or tools due to special circumstances, such as floors, desktops, and worktops, which may have vastly different materials.
At this time, we can use the following formula to roughly calculate: illuminance=luminous flux (lumen lm)/area (square meter m2), that is, the average illuminance of 1 Lux is the brightness of 1 lumen (lm) luminous flux on an area of 1m2.

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